How to Autenticate on Twitter using Tweepy oauth

Problem: 

You need a way to use diferent bots using the same developer API.

Solution:

I foun a trick that you can use directly in python with a single script; here the point is that you have to request the PIN on the execution time so you will not able to save the key's on execution time.

1.- Run this code script.

2.- Open the web link after login with your external twitter account to get the PIN code.

3.- Continue execution  after you enter the PIN.

import tweepy
# api credentials 
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler('api key', 'api secret','oob')
# get access token from the user and redirect to auth URL
auth_url = auth.get_authorization_url()
print('Authorization URL: ' + auth_url)
# ask user to verify the PIN generated in broswer
verifier = input('PIN: ').strip()
auth.get_access_token(verifier)
print('ACCESS_KEY = "%s"' % auth.access_token)
print('ACCESS_SECRET = "%s"' % auth.access_token_secret)
# authenticate and retrieve user name
auth.set_access_token(auth.access_token, auth.access_token_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth)
user = api.verify_credentials()
print('Name: ' + str(user.name))

Source:

By suracoza
https://gist.github.com/hezhao/4772180#gistcomment-3972371

Python, use proxy for Selenium test automation

Problem:

You need to make a test script using Selenium with python in a raspberry pi and you don't know how to use it.

Solution:

Copy and paste the following code in your py file:

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

from fp.fp import FreeProxy

import os

#proxy connection 

try:

 v_proxy = FreeProxy(timeout=0.3, anonym=False, rand=True).get()

 if(v_proxy!=""):

  print(' Using Proxy: ', v_proxy)

except Exception as e:

 print(' Error:', e)

#load data

chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server=%s' % v_proxy)

chrome_options.add_argument("--incognito")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)

driver.get("https://www.whatismyip.com/es/")

Mostrar información del sistema en el inicio de sesión SSH

Es muy útil iniciar sesión para verificar nada más entrar en nuestra Raspberry Pi el estado del sistema, por lo que no sería bueno tener algunos parámetros importantes del sistema, tales como la carga, el tiempo de actividad, la memoria RAM disponible, etc...

Veamos una solución basada en un script de Shell que nos da la información actual del sistema justo después de inicar sesión SSH a través del Mensaje del día, también conocido como MOTD.

Veamos un ejemplo:

Es posible añadir un texto ASCII con generadores ASCII como este: aquí .

Como crear nuestro propio MOTD ?

Primero vamos a crear nuestro propio mensaje dinámico.

Para ello crearemos un archivo con este nombre “dynmotd” en  la siguiente ruta “/ usr / local / bin” y lo editamos con un editor para añadir la información que queremos

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/dynmotd

Raspberry Pi 4 connect it to a computer via USB

Problem:

In the Raspberry Pi 4, the USB Type-C power jack can also be used for data transfer. This can be used for various useful project purposes and ideas, for example, how to connect to a computer trough USB port as an OTG device. ( USB OTG introduces the concept of a device performing both master and slave roles – whenever two USB devices are connected and one of them is a USB OTG device  source )

Solution:

1. Turn on a dwc2 driver writing the next line in /boot/config.txt

dtoverlay=dwc2

2. Use the options for using the Raspberry Pi as a USB device connected to a computer

You will be able to create a small FAT32 file system in a file on an SD card that will appear on the computer as a read / write drive

sudo dd if=/dev/folder of=/piusb.bin bs=512 count=2880

sudo mkdosfs /piMyUSB.bin

sudo modprobe g_mass_storage file=/piMyUSB.bin stall=0

For example, using the next Makerfun USB dongle expansion board for your Raspberry Pi Zero, you will be able to attachc your raspberry pi zero to your computer

Download images from amazon from database table image list

Problem:
You need to download a huge list of images from amazon and the list is in a data base table.

Solution:
You can create an easy script using request to access to the image url and shutil to copy one by one each image.

import mysql.connector
import shutil
import requests
conn = mysql.connector.connect(
       host="localhost",
       user="usuario",
       password="******",
       database="DBIMAGES"
       )
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM z_images ORDER')
rows = cursor.fetchall()
for row in rows:
  resp = requests.get(row[4], stream=True)
  path = row[4]
  firstpos = path.rfind("/")+1
  lastpos=len(path)
  v_filename = path[firstpos:lastpos] 
  local_file = "/home/img/"+v_filename
  with open(local_file, 'wb') as out_file:
    shutil.copyfileobj(resp.raw, out_file)
    print(v_filename)
print("END")

Rapberry pi lens comparation

With the release of the new Raspberry Pi High Quality Camera, you have the option to use different CS-mount senses with your Raspberry Pi. The High Quality Camera is a 12,3 M sensor with a 7.9 diagonal image size, enough for hobby projects and learn about digital photography.

Take a look in the official product page: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera/?resellerType=home

The camera have a CS-mount ring adapter and a C-mount, I remember the first time that I got the camera, and when playing with the 9 min and 16 min lenses I got frustrated because I don't remember that you have to use the ring adapter for the 16 min.

Check the official documentation to see how to mount the adapter ring for different lenses.

Camera Specification

Sensor:    12,3 megapixels

Output:     RAW, COMP8

Back Focus:    12.5 mm - 22.4 mm

Lens Standard:    CS mount, C-mount ( C-CS adapter included )

Tripod mount:    1/4"

LENSES

A lens is a device that have a different amount of lenses inside, divergent  and convergent, and with the most cases you can modify the shutter and the focus, there are 3 main topic that you have to adapt to take in consideration before you capture a photograph:

• Luminosity,  
• F number, 
• Focal distance, 

In this picture, you can see the vision angle of different lens focal distance. You can see the relation between a focal distance of the lens and the vision angle raised by the following type of lenses; the numbers of the bellow diagram represent the following lens type:

1.- Fish Eye, an extreme wide-angle lens with a strongly convex front element.

2.- Wide angle lens, 

a lens that reproduces perspective that generally looks "wider" than a normal lens.

3.- Normal Lense,  a lens with a focal length about equal to the diagonal size of the film or sensor format, or that reproduces perspective that generally looks "normal" to a human observer.

4.- Tele, an optically compressed version of the long-focus lens. 

5.- Super Tele,

16mm C-Mount Lense

This lens provides a higher quality image than the 6 mm lens but it offer a narrow angle of view which is more suited to viewing distant objects.
This lense comes with a Back focus ring to adjust with a litter screw, you have to screwed it fully once mounted in the camera, this ring is to ensure that the focus will be hard fixed while you adjust the aperture or focus manually.

• Resolution: 10 mpx
• Picture Format: 1"
• Focus Distance:  17.53mm
• Aperture:  F1.4-16
• Mount: C Type
• Dimensions: 39x50 mm
• Mode: Manual
• Minimum Macro Dist:  17.53mm
• Weigh: 133.7 gr. 

• Angle View:
  1" > 4.6°× 33.6°
  2/3" > 30.0°× 23.2°
  1/1.8" >  24.7°× 18.6°
  1/2" >  21.8°× 16.4°

6mm CS Mount

This lens is the low cost Wide Range version of a raspberry pi lens for the new high quality camera, it's suitable for basic photography and it offer also the possibility to do macro photography because it can focus objects at very short distance.

• Resolution: 3 mpx
• Picture Format: 1/2"
• Focus Distance:  7.53mm
• Aperture:  F1.2
• Mount: CS Type
• Minimum Macro Dist:  7.53mm
• Dimensions: 30x34 mm
• Mode: Manual
• Weigh: 53 gr. 
• Angle View: 63º

What we can do with this lenses ?

If you check the previous diagram, you will see that we have 2 lens for our Raspberry, 16 mm and 6 mm, if you try to category by the lens type both have to be places as a type 1, Fish Eye type but there are more factors that we have to consider.

As you can see, the 6 mm lens is a basic one for normal photograph pictures. The 16 mm is a very good one but more expensive but it's not a real Tele lense like a large one that have a focus near to 135 mm.

Even that, if you would like to learn about photography bot are very good for it, and if you try to adjust them dynamically using a python program you will have a loot of options to play with Aperture, ISO, exposure, etc... for example to take long expose pictures.

Check this offer from Waveshare where they have other lenses avairables. 

Waveshare Quality Industrial Telephoto Lens with 16mm Focal Length, Multi Field Angle and C-Mount Compatible with Raspberry Pi Camera…

• 16mm C-Mount Telephoto Lens For Raspberry Pi High Quality Camera
• 16mm Focal Length High Definition Telephoto Lens, Capturing Every Tiny Details
• Fitting The Lens To Raspberry Pi High Quality Camera (C-CS Adapter Required)
• To use with Raspberry Pi Zero, you need to buy an additional Raspberry Pi Zero v1.3 Camera Cable

Scrap Twitter member list using Tweepy in Raspberrypi

Problem: 

You need to populate date in a website and the source of this information is stored in a Twitter list, you need to read information of members in this list.

Solution:

You can do that scraping the information using Tweepy library, this library help to read information from twitter in a legal way.

First, you will need to create a Twitter app and register the corresponding tokens, etc...

Create you twitter application here: https://developer.twitter.com/en/portal/projects-and-apps 

This is a sample code to download the name of members in a specific list.

#Twitter bot to read information of members in a list

v_access_token = "**********"

v_access_token_secret = "**********"

v_consumer_key = "**********"

v_consumer_secret = "**********"

import tweepy

auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(v_consumer_key, v_consumer_secret)

auth.set_access_token(v_access_token, v_access_token_secret)

api = tweepy.API(auth)

public_tweets = api.home_timeline()

slug = 'Twiter-List-Name'

owner = 'Twiter-Name'

list_id = 1153378345425632898

members = []

for page in tweepy.Cursor(api.list_members, list_id=list_id).items():

  members.append(page)

  print("@"+page.screen_name)

Source:

http://docs.tweepy.org/en/latest/index.html

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-api-list_members-in-tweepy/